How Communication Within An Interprofessional Team Could...

How communication within an interprofessional team could affect collaborative working Hall and Waver ( 2001) defines Interprofessional as a group of professionals from different disciplines such as nurses, doctors, pharmacist that are working and communicating with each other while providing their knowledge, skills and attributes to enhance and support the contributions of others. Suter et al (2009) also said that the ability to work in an interprofessional team to convey collaborative, patient-centered care is an important aspect of professional practice that involves a possession of a particular set of competencies, such as communication skills. In relation to (Weinstein et al., 2003) Collaboration is the collection of knowledge, skills, values and motives which transforms to effective practice when applied by practitioners. Effective communication among professionals from different disciples is key area to care coordination (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2007) however; Communication involves a variety of strategies and purposes (Kripalani et al, 2007). In an interprofessional collaboration, different professional groups work mutually as a team to develop a positive impact on health care. As said by Zwarenstein, Goldman Reeves (2009) collaborative working is improved because of an agreement between different professionals through communication. Good communication is vital as It enables health care professionals to build relationshipsShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Interprofessional Collaborative Care?751 Words   |  4 Pagesmore than one discipline. Interprofessional collaborative care is a type of health care that involves people from different professions working together and relying on each other to provide effective care to patients. Interprofessional collaborative care is important and predominantly a focus of the health care reform because it improves healthcare outcome for the patients and reduces disagreements between different professions. I was able to experience interprofessional care when my grandma was diagnosedRead MoreCollaborative Practice Essay4034 Words   |  17 Pageso First Patch. Professional Understanding Collaborative practice (Sadler 2004) is at the forefront of health and social care training. For me, like many nursing students, the first steps in collaborative practice were the IPL (interprofessional learning) modules at university. This has been described as two or more professions being taught together as away of cultivating collaborative practice (Caipe. 2010). These modules consisted of student nurses studying different fields, OT’s, radiographersRead MoreWhy Is Healthcare Provided By A Team Of Different Professionals, And How Do We Achieve This?979 Words   |  4 PagesWhy is healthcare provided by a team of different professionals, and how do we achieve this? Inter-professional practice refers to the effective communication and working relationships with various health professionals and patients, by providing a quality patient outcome. According to the World Health Organisation (2013), inter-professional occurs when two or more professions learn to communicative†¦enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. Therefore, suggesting that itRead MoreThe Role Of Nurses Within Interprofessional Teams1866 Words   |  8 Pagescare nurses are often perceived as having less authority than doctors. This can impact on how they behave and are treated within interprofessional teams. This essay will discuss interprofessional practice and the role of nurses within interprofessional teams. It will examine challenges faced by nurses in being accepted as equal partners within these teams, and explore solutions to this issue. Interprofessional Practice (IPP) occurs when different professional groups work together and rely on one anotherRead MoreInterprofessional Working2343 Words   |  10 PagesInterprofessional working By using the right literature this assignment will examine an outpatient department, critically analysing and exploring how professionals in this setting work effectively together and what hinders their interprofessional working. Further more the essay will identify the key issues and concept of interprofessional working in health care as a whole. Lastly the essay will also conclude by drawing together the main points and principle argument. Interprofessional workingRead MoreThe Partnership Between A Team Of Health Professionals Essay2243 Words   |  9 PagesSection 1 Interprofessional collaboration is the partnership between a team of health professionals in a collaborative and coordinated approach to achieve shared decision making around health and social issues. Interprofessional collaborative practice is defined as a process which includes communication and decision-making, enabling a synergistic influence of grouped knowledge and skills. The key elements of collaborative practice include responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperationRead MoreInterprofessional Collaboration Care And Critically Analyse Interprofessional Working2426 Words   |  10 Pagesliterature this paper will examine Interprofessional collaboration care and critically analyse interprofessional working. An introduction to the area of subject will be given and Interprofessional care will then be examined using various sources of literature. This paper will conclude by looking at implications raised and aspects of development needed throughout interp rofessional working, developing an action plan to proceed with into future practice. Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is the processRead MoreInterprofessional Working2264 Words   |  10 PagesInterprofessional Working â€Å"Interprofessional working involves complex interactions between two or more members of different professional disciplines. It is a collaborative venture in which those involved share the common purpose of developing mutually negotiated goals achieved through agreed plans which are monitored and evaluated according to agreed procedures. This requires the pooling of knowledge and expertise to facilitate joint decision making based upon shared professional viewpoints† (BarrettRead MoreShadow Shift : Public Health Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesstructure to ensure the safety of the public (Potter, Perry, Stockert, Hall, 2014). The following paper will examine use shadow shift experience with a public health inspector, their role within the healthcare team, the body of their knowledge, similarities and differences to nurses, interprofessional collaboration, and how nurses can work with the health care inspectors to improve patient safety. Throughout this paper the terms pub lic health inspector and environmental health officier will be used interchangeablyRead MoreConflict and its affects on the nurse-Physician relationship Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pages However, what makes the situation worse is that the incident was witnessed by not only another coworker but the patient as well. Analysis In health care it is crucial that the health care team is cohesive. When conflict interferes with the nurse-physician relationship it can and will impact communication and eventually impact patient care. In the context of this paper, according to Tabak and Orit (2007), a conflict is defined as a situation arising where one party in a workplace relationship perceives

The Food And Beverage Industry - 1410 Words

How delicious and mouthwatering is a large slice of pizza, cheeseburger piled high with bacon or a hot fudge sundae with extra hot fudge? Most adults choose their favorite foods in early childhood and keep them throughout their life. The food and beverage industry has responded to America’s food passion. They have increased sugar in drinks and offer larger portions of food as well. The food and beverage industry has also specialized in food that appeals to children alone. From the exciting music, vibrant colors, celebrity filled commercials and the prizes promised in every box of cereal, children have become one of the main targets of the food and beverage industry. For many years obesity among youths was over looked but now there is an†¦show more content†¦It becomes an issue when a child would rather sit and watch TV endlessly instead of going outside or even staying inside to engage in physical activity. Some children might even eat and drink while watching televi sion causing even more excessive weight gain. Children need to get back to playing outside and increasing their physical activity daily so extra calories can be burned instead of stored as fat. Over the years, academic pressure, the need for children to perform, competition with other countries, etc., has forced schools to slowly stray away from recess and physical education. This decision has also become a contributing factor to childhood obesity as well. According to the American Association for the Child’s Right to Play, twenty percent of elementary schools in the U.S. have banned recess so students can spend more time on course curriculum in the classroom. It is important for every child to at least have thirty minutes of physical activity a day to reduce negative health issues. Currently, less than twenty five percent of children in the US get thirty minutes of physical activity a day (International Life Sciences, 1997). With less activity and excessive weight gain, hea lth problems become a major issue to childhood obesity. An overweight child can have the same health issues as an overweight adult. Obesity can cause high blood pressure; Type II Diabetes and depression just to name a few. Children that are severely obese miss four times

Environmental Degradation Land Utilization â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Environmental Degradation Land Utilization? Answer: Introduction The transportation system has had a rapid growth over the past decade primarily because of the commercial production of vehicles. Prior to that, the major over-land transportation mechanism was the use cart powered by of beasts of burden (donkeys, asses and horses) and rail. Rail transportation system was however not extensive as the railway cost too much to construct. The animal carts however, could be used in between the railway nodes. However, with the growth of the transportation system carts and animal driven carriages have become extinct save for recreational purposes and motor-vehicles have become the major over-land transportation units putting the road system at the very top of the list of transportation networks. Needs Definition With the growth of the road networks, many manufacturers have been able to come up with more affordable makes and brands. This has been important as, with the increase in population growth and the rising prices of renting and owning homes near big cities, many people have been forced to endure a long commute to work and school. The affordability has led to an increase in vehicle ownership and with this rate of ownership steadily increasing over the years, transport management has been a nightmare for both transport system oversight authorities and the users of this road network. Traffic congestion can be attributed to the transport system being overwhelmed by the number of vehicles which makes them relatively redundant and this necessitates the development of other complementary or supplementary systems. The increase of vehicles on the roads has also led to safety concerns as currently, road accidents are the fourth highest causes of death as indexed by the mortality rate graphs in demographic analysis. While the safety issue may not be directly attributed to the oversaturation of the road network capacity, it does owe it some credit. This is because, while not many road accidents occur as a result of too many vehicles on the road, reducing the number of vehicles on the road could indeed increase security. Conceptual Analysis Environmental degradation can also be largely attributed to congestion of the roads as vehicles usually release greenhouse gases which work towards depleting the O-zone layer and trapping hot gases. While new hybrid vehicles have been introduced into the road network system, their environmentally friendly efforts have gone unnoticed due to their insignificant volumes in comparison to the volumes of vehicles still using fossil fuels on the road. The vehicle manufacturing industry has also had a slow technological growth rate as production of environmentally friendly vehicles is too expensive in relation to the profit margins. The railway system on the other hand is not extensive as building more rail that traverses major transportation routes as opposed to road is also very expensive. All these factors have necessitated the implementation of new transport system networks, one of which is the mass light rail system. Mass rapid transport is a system of ferrying large volumes people and goods over short distances at a relatively fast speed. Some of the most prominent mass rapid transportation systems include the light rail system and bus rapid transit. Bus rapid transport involves the introduction of buses within a city that have special lanes and operate on a given time schedule in relation to the route they traverse. The light rail system is an environmentally approach to transportation where a relatively smaller railway carriage in introduced into the heart of a city to aid in the mass rapid transport of individuals. Their electrical power dependency ensures that, while they do not pollute the environment through greenhouse gases release from the exhaust, they have enough power to move large volumes and remain in operation without needing to stop except for regular maintenance. With, light rail transport, modelling is a bit different from that of road transport system design which primarily uses origin-destination models and travel demand models. Light rail systems, while incorporating some principles of travel-demand model, primarily use its more evolved relation, the activity-based model. These supply user demand information by utilizing deterministic and stochastic methods of analysis. Other evolved methods are the assignment-models that give a prediction of traffic information based on congestion and agent-based models. This system has different operation requirements when compared to existent rail network. This is because the methods of operations are fairly different and this necessitates different approaches to implementation and operation. As it stands, very few countries in the world have long distance electric railway transportation systems. The operation life cycle of such a project is usually between 10 15 years because human population growth rates necessitate new transportation systems after such a time when the population will have exceeded the capacity of the network system. The high electricity costs leave these 2 systems out of the reach of most governments. As light rail systems usually operate within the confines of a city, they require regular surveillance and control to ensure that they do not stop or interfere with other transportation networks. They also require high levels of expertise to operate compared to other transport systems and this expertise is required in design, moni toring, operation, maintenance and repair. The system has so far enjoyed technical and operational support from various industries. These include manufacturing engineering industry, electrical, control and instrumentation, civil, geospatial and environmental engineering industries as well as ICT, legal and corporate support from both the government and the private sector. This means that, every component of this transportation system can be operated, maintained and repaired or replaced as there are mechanisms of doing that. It also enjoys the support of having complementary and supplementary network systems in case a failure causing downtime occurs while it is in operation. This system also enjoys human support from the large volumes of members of the public who use this light rail system on a regular basis. This support is usually in the form fares charged or taxes paid to the local government. To evaluate the results of this transportation system, various technical performance measures can be put in place to analyze the effectiveness of the design, manufacture and implementation of this system and its supporting infrastructure. These values are based on design specifications, client feedback, theoretical and simulation models and practical tests conducted in referenced researches. They are suggestive and should not be taken as design considerations in any component of the design of this system. Table 1: Technical Performance Measure No. Technical Performance Measure Quantitative Value Relative Priority Value 1. Speed 30 kph 12% 2. User appeal (high/moderate/low) High 10% 3. Maintainability Relatively cheap 8% 4. Total operating costs 70% - 100% more than BRT 9% 5. Personnel skill levels Moderate to High expertise 6% 6. Environmental friendliness Electrically powered so very green 10% 7. Connectivity Low as it is very expensive 11% 8. Economic Productivity Highest when demand is high 6% 9. Durability 10 - 15 years 8% 10. Utilization Has highest ridership 11% 11. Interchangeability Highly possible 9% Total 100% Functional Analysis The functional analysis diagram below illustrates process of design based on the need requirements identified earlier in the system. It also shows how the various elements of the design and implementation phases interact with each other in the overall lifecycle of the project. As illustrated earlier, the transport system could to a large extent benefit from the expansion of the existent light rail systems, introduction of new ones and introduction of complementary and supplementary networks. The overall system requirements detailed provide a deeper understanding into the implementation cost of the most suitable alternative when looking at light rails. The overall design, acquisition and application of resources into the network system in order to provide for a maximum design life are also included. Figure 1: Functional Flow Block Diagram of Light Rail Transportation System Tradeoff Analysis: The proposed mass rapid transportation network is not only one of the most efficient at present but one of the most advanced. It is however prone to its own challenges which could be addressed by other similar systems. As such, it is important to compare this transport network with relevant alternatives that would probably provide a better value for the services. The best system is usually chosen. This report analyses the two major mass rapid transportation networks. Light rail system: light rail system enjoys greater demand due to its comfort therefore giving it more public support. For this reason, most individuals would prefer leaving their cars at home if the transport system was accessible or near their home or work/school destination. The comfort ensured by the seat arrangements also lead to some level of productivity as individuals can afford to have some work done on the way. This system also has a higher capacity than bus rapid transport while occupying a much smaller land area. This makes it much more economical to manage especially where demand is high. The systems speed is also improved where it is grade separated as it can attain peak velocities and consequently providing better service than the alternatives. It is also very environmentally friendly as it runs on electricity and keeps noise levels at a minimum. They, however, have their own challenges of which the most obstructive are the high initial cost of infrastructure investment. Light rail system requires an extensive lay-down of rail routes and where the infrastructure investment fails to cover more than half a city, it becomes uneconomical. Where the rail system has more stops, the trip duration is also increased prompting users of such a route to prefer the road network. Bus rapid transport: the main advantage of this system is the low initial costs. The various phases of complete infrastructural development can also be used without necessitating the whole system to be complete first. It requires no infrastructural specifications and can work very well on the existent roads. In doing so, they become very flexible because of the large number of routes available and are even able to drop people as close to their destination as the doorstep. For this reason, they require little to no transfers and a passenger can take only one bus in order to get to a destination even when it is far or not along the main avenues and highways. They also have lower operating costs even when the rider volumes are low proving to be economical. Their challenges include the bad image they have because of individual biases. They do not seem as classy as the light rail and they also are not as comfortable. They are not environmentally friendly as most still use fossil fuels for power. They also contribute to traffic congestion especially where they have signal priority modules to help change the traffic lights. Conclusion It is apparent from the analysis that light rail system would be a preferred system of operation. The only hindrance that does not have a direct or indirect solution is the high initial costs of infrastructure construction. Their economical aspect provides them with an edge as there are systems in place to promote accountability. This include automation of rider fare payment and also the easy surveillance due the low number of transport routes. Recommendation The light rail transportation system would be ideal for a city where public transport user volumes are high. While bus rapid transport has more network connectivity, it is possible to interchange the units when dealing with light rail systems and the overall system can in itself be intermodal. An example of such is when a light rail train station close to a suburb has adequate parking facilities to allow riders to use the road system to get to it conveniently. References Antiplanner, 2014. The Alternative to Light Rail. Retrieved 24 Aug 2014, from https://ti.org/antiplanner/?p=9737 Boarnet, Marlon Wang, Xize Houston, Douglas., (2016). Can new light rail reduce personal vehicle carbon emissions? A before-after, experimental-control evaluation in Los Angeles: light rail and CO2 emissions. Journal of Regional Science. Brown, Barbara Werner, Carol. (2009). Before and After a New Light Rail Stop: Resident Attitudes, Travel Behavior, and Obesity. Journal of the American Planning Association. (75), 5-12. Cassidy, E., 2015. LRT versus BRT: which is the better option? Retrieved 24 Aug 2017, from https://www.steerdaviesgleave.com/news-and-insights/LRT-versus-BRT Engebretsen, ystein Christiansen, Petter Strand, Arvid., (2017). Bergen light rail Effects on travel behaviour. Journal of Transport Geography. (62), 111-121. Ferbrache, Fiona Knowles, Richard. (2017). City boosterism and place-making with light rail transit: A critical review of light rail impacts on city image and quality. Geoforum. (80), 103-113. Freemark, Yonah, 2011. The Silly Argument over BRT and Rail. Retrieved 24 Aug 2016, from https://www.thetransportpolitic.com/2011/05/25/the-silly-argument-over-brt-and-rail/ Shapiro, Robert Hassett, Kevin Arnold, Frank., 2017. Conserving Energy and Preserving the Environment: The Role of Public Transportation. Legara, Erika Fille Kee Khoon, Lee Gih Guang, Hung Monterola, Christopher. (2015). Mechanism-based model of a mass rapid transit system: A perspective. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series. (36). Legara, Erika Fille Monterola, Christopher Lee, Kee Guang Hung, Gih. (2014). Critical capacity, travel time delays and travel time distribution of rapid mass transit systems. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. (406), 100106. Lund, Hollie. (2006). Reasons for living in a transit-oriented development, and associated transit use. Journal of the American Planning Association (72), 357-366. MRT LRT Trains, Singapore Land Transport Authority Website, Retrieved 24 Aug 2017, from https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/mrt-and-lrt-trains.html Othman, N. B., Legara, E. F., Selvam, V., and Monterola, C., 2014. Simulating congestion dynamics of train rapid transit using smart card data, Procedia Computer Science (29), 16101620. Pang, Z. F., Othman, N., Ng, K. M., and Monterola, C., 2014. Efficiency and robustness of different network designs, Intl Journal of Modern Physics. Roth, Camille Kang, Soong Batty, Michael Barthelemy, Marc. (2012). A long-time limit of world subway networks. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society. (9), 2540-50. Wattrick, J. T., 2011. Bus Rapid Transit: A real alternative to light rail, or just a lovely parting gift? Retrieved 24 Aug 2017, from https://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2011/12/bus_rapid_transit_a_real_alter.html

Innocent Smoothies free essay sample

This report is aimed to examine and analyse the opportunities in the market for the ‘innocent’ brand. The research draws attention to . the report evaluates and concludes. it is recommended that . ii. Introduction Innocent Ltd. is a fresh business that has been exceptionally successful in creating wholesome and natural smoothies. The company has appeared in the Sunday Times for four consecutive years in the ‘Fast Track 100’, a list of the fastest growing privates companies in the UK. The company has aimed to place itself on the side of the consumer as supporting green issues and responsible business practices and this has evidently proved to be in favour with the company’s brand image which has resulted to its success. On the other hand, it has faced criticism from cynics who argue that the company’s ethical position is a facade as they have sold a 20% stake to Coca-Cola which led to thousands of dissatisfied and betrayed customers who previously supported the company’s initial brand values. We will write a custom essay sample on Innocent Smoothies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This has led to ‘White, Harte and Laine,’ a specialist in strategy and market development, who have conducted this report that will be researching and analysing the opportunities in the market for the ‘innocent brand’. This report will define what a ‘market driven organisation’ is and discuss how it compares to ‘innocent’ whilst addressing their customer relationships. It will also outline the trends in the macro environment by looking at the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors which created the opportunity for ‘innocent’ to initially build its firm position in the smoothie market. An analysis of the company’s main opportunities and threats over the next five years will be highlighted through a SWOT analysis. The report will additionally adapt Porters Five Forces analysis to the smoothie industry and finally, recommendations will be made about possible business strategies that ‘innocent’ could pursue in the next five years. iii. Main Body In an article by Bill Barrett, Uncles (2000) defines a market driven organisation as an organisation that has a thorough understanding of customers and potential customers, including their changing needs and wants. Uncles (2000) states that market-driven organisations continuously gather data in all environmental sectors – competitive, cultural, political, economic, technological, human resources, physical resources, and consumer. The market-driven concept is a managerial concept where close attention is given to business processes and activities. There must be an emphasis on an organisations ability to respond to environmental changes. All aspects of the organisation must be aware of and consider environmental changes and continuous process improvement is mandatory for a market-driven organization. Innocent’ has been described as a market driven organisation. Innocent’ is an ethical company whose initial idea was to produce its products from 100 per cent pure, fresh ingredients and no fruit concentrates. As defined by Uncles (2000), a market-driven organisation understands the customers, and potential customer wants and needs. In order for ‘Innocent’ to have c reated a market-driven organisation they had to put their customers first with the organisations objectives, goals and strategy. This is evident as their main aim is to take a social responsibility to the public and environment by producing 100 per cent natural products. It is established that ‘innocent’ promotes healthy eating and appeal to eco-friendly and health conscious consumers; therefore in order to put the wants and needs of these consumers into place, they had to come with strategies to uphold their brand name as well as delivering the desires if their consumers. Hodge, et al (1996) believes that by putting the customer first in an organization’s mission and goals, market driven organizations make providing value to the customer a top priority. Market-driven organisations also develop product strategies to deliver whole product solutions to customers and use strategic relationships to build synergy, create whole-product solutions, and gain support of stakeholders. ‘Innocent’ strategies put the interests of their health focused consumers at the heart of their organisation and gain support through various deeds such as: * Keeping all their ingredients natural. This strategy reinforces the initiative of the company only producing food that is healthy and good for their consumers. The fact that only natural products are used means that their product s has a positive health benefit minus the additives and therefore keeping the focus on the company’s brand name ‘innocent’ connatating purity. * The use of responsible ingredients. ‘Innocent’ tends to purchase their farms from ethical and environmentally friendly farms. Once more this is another way to strengthen their brand name ‘innocent’ to their consumers to portray their organisation as a green and a social responsible company. * Sustainable packaging. ‘Innocent’ uses 100 per cent recycled material as package for their products. This compliments their ‘green’ image and satisfies their eco-friendly and health-conscious consumers. * They are a resource efficient business meaning that they aim to produce as little carbon dioxide emissions as possible while manufacturing the products, growing the ingredients, transportation and packaging. This approach coincides with the interest of their consumers who are environmentally friendly. * Sharing their profits with charities. 10 per cent of the company’s profit at the end of the year is donated to charity which fund the rural developments projects in the countries in which their fruits come from. This highlight’s the caring nature of ‘innocent’ toward the environment as well as to their consumers. From the above points we can therefore establish that ‘innocent’ is a market-driven organisation. Their target markets are eco-friendly, health conscious consumers who value organic, natural and environmentally friendly products. Evidently, from their strategies it is indicated that ‘innocent’ puts the interests of their consumers at the heart of their strategies by taking into account the environmental factor of global warming. It must also be noted that back in 1998, the fate of ‘innocent’ was decided by people through a ballot by putting their empty bottle of ‘innocent’ drinks in a ‘YES’ or ‘NO’ bin depending on whether they should pursue the business. The outcome resulted in the majority of bottle being placed in the ‘YES’ bin. This demonstrates that ‘innocent’ has always valued the opinions of their consumers and act upon their wants which are the traits of a market organisation. The smoothie market

Stevie Smith, Anne Sexton Adrienne Rich free essay sample

Examines three American women poets works, styles, techniques, language, artistic development, themes (focusing on love sex). Women poets of the last half century have developed a poetic voice which is, in the most positive way, distinctively female. Stevie Smith, Anne Sexton and Adrienne Rich are three of these poets. Though they write on a variety of subjects, death for example, or on subjects that are uniquely female, such as motherhood, one of the areas in which women poets pose the strongest challenge to the patriarchal tradition is the subject of love. After centuries in which the conventions and approaches and vocabulary of love poetry were primarily the creations of men, poets such as Smith, Sexton and Rich were among those who offered a new, specifically female view of love. Though the three poets are very different writers in terms of style, form and the specifics of subject matter, taken together they provide strong examples of how the uniquely female view is transforming

The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry

The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry Executive Summary The report provides the comparison of three types of smartphones which are iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry. The comparison is realized with references to the analysis of the smartphones’ basic technical characteristics and applications. The purpose of the smartphones’ critical examination is to choose the most appropriate model among the variants proposed by three leading producers within the market. The main requirements accentuated while examining the variants are the options and functions of the model and its appropriateness for the everyday personal use. To provide the necessary analysis of three types of smartphones, such criteria as the peculiarities of the operating system, usability, apps, the characteristic features of the models, and their price were determined.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More iPh one 4S was recommended as the most fitting variant according to the presented criteria. Introduction The modern market of digital devices proposes a lot of different variants to satisfy the taste of any customer. Each person concentrates on a range of characteristics which are important for him and necessary for completing the definite business tasks (Rentz, Flatley, and Lentz). Smartphones as the mobile devices of the new generation are practical and easy to use because they are characterized by the possibility to provide a number functions and operations. Such smartphones as iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry have a lot advantages, and their disadvantages are predominantly based on their differences from each other. When it is necessary to choose a smartphone for a personal use, people should determine the set of criteria according to which it is possible to concentrate on the best variant to address all the personal requirements appropriately. The purpose of the report is to compare i Phone, Droid, and BlackBerry in relation to such features as the peculiarities of the operating system, usability, apps and tools, the technical characteristics, and the price of models.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The characteristic features of iPhone The operating system used in iPhone is iOS. It is developed by Apple for smartphones produced by the company. The user interface of the system and menu are easy to navigate. The work of this multi-touch device depends on controlling the processes with the help of gestures. iPhone is also oriented to using ATT and Verizon’s network. The technical characteristics of iPhone as a mobile device can be discussed with references to iPhone 4S. iPhone 4S is the more progressive variant of iPhone 4, and it is based on the dual core Apple A5 CPU. Moreover, iPhone 4 and iPhone 4S are practical because 3.5 Retina Display provides the opportunities for the effective web browsing, e-reading, and using different multimedia. iPhones are characterized by a constant evolution of their possibilities. Thus, iPhone 3GS has the 3 megapixel camera, iPhone 4 operates the 5 megapixel camera, and iPhone 4S has the 8 megapixel camera (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). The customers can use a great variety of apps developed by Apple for iPhone. It is possible to access to all the necessary tools with the help of Apple’s App Store. The next feature of the smartphone worked out for iPhone 4S is the Siri voice-activated personal assistant. Apple’s FaceTime app (video chatting) is also considered by consumers as the useful and progressive tool. Moreover, it is possible to share pictures and music with the other users and utilize the function of 3D positioning.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Comparison of iPhone, Droid, and BlackBerry specifically for you for only $16 .05 $11/page Learn More Consumers are usually interested in the usability of devices in order to choose the model which addresses their needs. The usability of iPhone is based on the multi-touch screen that reacts to gestures and expands the possibilities to control the work, on the ability to quick-delete swipe and bulk-delete messages. The web connectivity is also of the great importance because it is possible to access to the web pages with the help of screen apps and organize the communication via the Internet effectively. The price of iPhone depends on its model, and it can start from $200-$300. It is also necessary to pay attention to the monthly service which can cost $150. The main advantages of iPhone are in its high web connectivity and effective e-mail tools based on the powerful operating system. The models of iPhone are also characterized by a variety of apps (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). The peculiarities of Droids The operating system used for the Droid is worked out by Google, and it is known as Android. The work of the operating system is associated with the work of Verizon Wireless. Many specialists and consumers agree that Android is the most flexible operating system. The system is easy to use, and the additional apps allow controlling the functions of the system. It is possible to concentrate on the technical characteristics of Droids, paying attention to the Droid 4. This smartphone operates Android OS 2.3.6. It uses the 1.2GHz dual core TI CPU.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The users also accentuate its 4 qHD display. All the Droids are characterized by providing the access to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. However, comparing the Droid 4 and the Droid RAZR MAXX, it is important to determine the 4.3 qHD Super AMOLED display in the Droid RAZR MAXX and the usage of the 1.2GHz dual core CPU. The Droid RAZR MAXX has the 8 megapixel camera. Droids are known by the possibilities to use touch-screen typing and developed slide-out QWERTY keyboards (â€Å"Motorola Smartphones†). The access to the apps for Droids is realized with the help of the Android Market. The number of the available apps is lower than the variety proposed by the developers of iPhone. It is possible to use such tools as OS 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich for the latest models of Droids. Moreover, Android allows using the special version of Google Maps and a number of Gmail apps. The work with the word documents is realized with the help of Quickoffice app. The usability of the Droids can be consid ered according to the parameters of using the apps and controlling the work with the help of touch-screens or traditional keyboards. Having chosen the models of Droids, users can form the menu of active apps and organize them for their rapid access. This function is similar to that one presented in iPhones, but it is more developed. Furthermore, the possibility to use the touch-screen as well as the slide-out QWERTY keyboard is discussed as the advantage of Droids. The price of Droids can start from $150. The models of Droids are discussed as more available for customers in comparison with the models proposed by iPhones or BlackBerry (â€Å"Motorola Smartphones†). The important features of BlackBerry smartphones The operating system for BlackBerry smartphones is developed by Research In Motion (RIM), the manufacturer of BlackBerry smartphones. The main feature of the system is its orientation to providing a lot of possibilities for receiving and sending e-mail messages. The w eb browser is improved with each model of BlackBerry smartphones. According to the technical characteristics, the first models of BlackBerry have hardware keyboards, but the latest models, known as BlackBerry Torch, are characterized as capacitive touch-screen phones with the multi-touch display with the high resolution. The models of the BlackBerry Torch operate BlackBerry OS 7 and use 1.2GHz CPU. These smartphones have the 5 megapixel camera, and it is also possible to access to Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and GPS. Moreover, the developers of BlackBerry smartphones pay much attention to the high security requirements. The apps for different models of the BlackBerry smartphones are available at the BlackBerry Store. The users can also find them in the other stores. To work with the word documents, the BlackBerry operates such an app as Documents to Go (â€Å"BlackBerry Smartphones†). The main advantage of the BlackBerry smartphones is their developed system of the BlackBerry messenger . It influences the usability of the models and the choice of consumers who work a lot with messages and e-mail. The price of the BlackBerry smartphones is comparable with the prices of iPhone, and it can start from $200-300 depending on the model. Conclusions and recommendations The choice of the best variant of a smartphone for the personal use should be based on the flexibility of the proposed options and operations, variety of the available apps, easiness in controlling and functioning, the advanced web connectivity, and the general level of usability. According to the examined criteria, iPhone is the most powerful device with the developed operating system and a modern touch-screen display with the high resolution which is easy to use because of the responsive interface and the specifics of the menu navigation. iPhone successfully addresses the people’s demands in web connecting, and it has the great number of the necessary apps and tools that can be accessed via the Int ernet without any problems. For instance, the Droids and BlackBerry have the weaker selection of the available apps and tools. The price of the device is comparable with the other brands’ prices and meets the public’s possibilities. iPhone is recommended as the type of smartphone with the highest characteristics. From this point, the model iPhone 4S is the most appropriate choice for the personal use. iPhone 4S (â€Å"Compare iPhone Models†). BlackBerry Smartphones. n.d. Web. Compare iPhone Models. n.d. Web. Motorola Smartphones. n.d. Web. Rentz, Kathryn, Marie Flatley, and Paula Lentz. Lesikar’s Business Communication: Connecting in a Digital World. USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010. Print.

Lab DSP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lab DSP - Essay Example Table 1 indicates that expected values are the same with program’s values. Rectangular window function was utilized to design low-pass filters in MATLAB with window length M=2, 45, 65 and ω=0.2 as cut-off frequency. The graphs for impulse response, pole-zero, and magnitude function (linear as well as dB) were drawn. In the first experiment, three LPFs of varying lengths, length M = 25, 45, 65 as well as a 0.2π cut-off frequency were designed. Many observations were made during filter design process. The rectangular function’s main lobe width is 4π/M. The main lobe’s width narrows as M increases, affecting transition width and increasing its gradient. Increasing M reduces a large transition width, which is an unwanted effect. The area below the side lobes remain unchanged with signals retaining the ripples. High side lobe as well as stopband attenuation of -13 db and -21 dB respectively makes the rectangular function undesirable to use. Using a different window function with lower side lobes as well as stop band attenuations is the only way to overcome. Poles-zeros plot significantly affect response frequency when ascertaining the poles/zeros position in the unit circle, thus remain very crucial for the experiment. Unit circle zeros make response to move towards zero, which are components of stopband range. Zeros that are components of passband range produce ripples during passband frequency, thus impact the signal, which consequently affects filter accuracy. Zeros ranging 0-π are crucial because those that are outside do not have impact on the filter response. The poles at zero only have impact on the height of the passband. All window functions, including rectangular, hamming and Blackman, were used in MATLAB to design low-pass filters where length, M was 25 and cut-off frequency was ω=0.2. The graphs for impulse response,

Final Exam on Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Final Exam on Strategic Management - Essay Example Based on the information provided in this case, you are required to prepare and submit a report outlining the following in your application: Statistics of the revenue generated by various online movie rental organizations prove that the evolution of the industry has moved extremely high since the time DVDs were introduced in 1997 and phasing out of VHS. Most organizations in the business of DVD/rental of DVD's have witnessed predominant growth - eg. Netflix 74%, DVD sales 34%, apart from companies such as Blockbuster video, Wal-Mart, Movie Gallery, Walt Disney's movies on demand, have reported a highly positive trend of revenue, which confirms that the market size of the movie entertainment is rapidly growing, and expected to grow further at an international market level, however with positive technology advancements. It is predicted by Analysts that the market of online movie/video game rental is expected to grow more than $30 billion by 2006. a) The geographical areas of online movie rental companies are with a spread world wide, either with direct outlets, franchises, sales of DVDs, DVD recorders, or download from the internet, thereby resulting in global competition. i. b) Number of rivals: The rental of movies are available are through: Online rentals. Physical retail stores and stand alone outlets. Physical retail store rental outlets. Websites PC downloads Piracy of DVDs Sales of DVD recorders. c) Size of Competitors and services: The introduction of consumer electronic product being sales of the Digital Video disc, where movies are available through wide range of channels, following are the various size of competitors: i. Netflix one of the world's largest online movie rental service provider, founded in 1997 and successfully achieved a base of 1 million subscriber over a span of 3 years being half the time span achieved by AOL which is another online service provider. Netflix offers a choice of 15000 movies to its customers, with leading 15 distribution outlets, where DVDs reach more than 90 percent of its subscribers with generally one business-day delivery. It also offers personalized movie recommendations to its members, and also allows members to share and recommend movies to one another. It has reported a business growth of 74%. ii. Blockbuster video - an organization in business of video cassettes, DVD and video games, with most of its revenue from United States, with their innovative program of "pay-per-view" co-branded with DIRECTV. Blockbuster reported $5.5 billion in 2002 and grown to 8500 franchised stores. They offered 44 movie selection a day to subscribers. iii. Wal-Mart - One of the largest retailer, reported an income of $244.5 billion, established itself largely in the United States with 3200 facilities and 1100 facilities abroad, with 7 distribution centres. iv. Movie Gallery: An organization that had grown after acquiring "Mom-and-pop" video stores and with further

Global Health Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Health - Term Paper Example Rather, many nations throughout Africa, Southeast Asia, and even parts of South America face the growing threat that is presented by contaminated drinking water. This is a massive problem due to the fact that is affecting the healthy and natural development of millions of individual throughout the developing world. Without a categorical response to this issue, the ability of these societies to continue to develop and advance in the same way that our own societies have advanced, it is necessary to solve the problem of potable water. In order to accomplish this, this philanthropist will invest heavily in infrastructure within high density population centers throughout the developing world as a way to encourage public health while at the same time providing clean/fresh drinking water to those that are at the highest risk. The main goals that the philanthropist will hope to effect include the following: Fresh Water Resources Around the World - Earth Web Site. (2011, September 8). The Global Education Project. Retrieved  October  26, 2012, from http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/fresh-water.php UN Chronicle - ACHIEVING GLOBAL HEALTH. (2010, August 5). Welcome to the United Nations: Its Your World. Retrieved  October  26, 2012, from

A Project In Al Ain City Tourism Essay

A Project In Al Ain City Tourism Essay Introduction of Al Ain City Al Ain city is immaterial part of Emirate. The meaning of Al Ain in Arabic is The Spring. It holds greatest Emirates culture. Its geographical area is 1,270,000 hectares. Al Ain city have many distinct geographical areas with different characteristics. The population of Al Ain City are 540,000 with 400,000 regions. This city is very important as a social and economic hub. Al Ain city located in west of Hajar mountains. (Al Ain City Introduction) Business in Al Ain City Private organizations are extremely valued in Al Ain City. In this city fresh ideas are always promoted. If you are going to set a new business in Al Ain City, Following information will helpful for your business. This will give you a brief idea on how to get business start-up. It will also tell you about getting business license and registry. (Business in Al AIn City) If you have an effective business plan and wand to take a safest step forward in new business then Al Ain city is the right place for establishing your business. Procedures are very simple and transparent. This procedure takes only few days if you have all documents those are required by relevant authorities. (Business Startup) SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis comes under Marketing Management. After applying management plans SWOT analysis is used. SWOT stands for Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T). Strengths and weaknesses are the part of internal process. Opportunities and threats are the external process of any business firm. SWOT analysis is very effective for business in Al Ain City. SWOT analysis for any business in Al Ain city explained below: (SWOT Introduction) Strengths Strengths of Al Ain organization depends on the resources and capabilities that they are using in their organization. These are the basics for developing a competitive advantage. Simple examples of these strengths are: Al Ain organization has patents for their business. It has strong brand name In all over emirate Al Ain organization has good reputation among their consumers or customers. Al Ain knows follows all laws related to their field and always updated from these new laws. It is the cost advantage for Al Ain Organization. Al Ain organization uses the best natural resources for exclusive access. Al Ain has robust economy. It has political stability Weaknesses Weaknesses are the lacking of strengths of any organization. Al Ain organization has also some weaknesses such as: Such laws are there that we cant understand easily. If our business brand name is not powerful. Brand name should be according to Al Ain city religion. Poor performance in front of customers is also a weakness. Highly structured coast. If Business man do not about access to good natural resources. In many cases sometime, a weakness becomes strength for organization. (Strengths and Weaknesses) Opportunities Opportunities are an external part of any organization. For doing business in Al Ain city you have to follow SWOT analysis. So you can find out the opportunities for business in Al Ain: Al Ain citys customer belongs to Islamic culture so you need to understand the customer requirements and satisfaction of customers. Al Ain city have many types of new technologies so these are the opportunities for stabilising business in Al Ain city. Loosening of Regulations Remove the international trade barriers Threats Changing in the external part of an organization also creates many threats. Some examples are: Customers taste always varies according to time change. So organizations always disable to know these things. Growth of substitute product is also creates a threat for an Organization. Increased trade barriers. (Opportunities and threats) Porters Diamond of National Advantage Increasingly, corporate schema does have to be seen globally. Even if an Al Ain organization does not imagine to import-export directly but now they can import and export directly. Because there are many competitors in market, they provide better service so this is the key factor for increasing domestic market. Information technology is making strong to this trend. Michael Porter describes a model that gives permission for analyzing why few nations are competitive than others nations are. He also described that what is the reason behind the success of domestic companies in compression of other nations company. This model is the Advantage for any organization who wants to set our business in Al Ain city. In This model Determining actors of national advantage is known as Porters Diamond. It proposed that organization should have better national home base. It pays an important role for achieving advantage in a global market. This home base helps for building advantages in universal comp etition. Factor Conditions Production factors, infrastructure, like skilled labor etc. These factors are important for setting a business in Al Ain city. These factors provide competitive advantage if we have quality in those factors. These factors categorized into human resources, material resources, knowledge resources, infrastructure, and capital resources. Quality of research, liquidity of national stock markets and deregulation come under factor. Every country has its own set of factor conditions. It explains cost of any organization. Home Demand Conditions Home demand conditions tell the demand of product in market for an organization. They increase the demand of product and quality of service. Porter states that a company can get national advantages in market segment, if company knows home demand clearly. Home demand condition states the value of product demand in international market. Related and supporting Industries The industries that can coordinate activities in the value chain together are called supporting industry. These supporting industry help for improving over business. You are going to set-up a business in Al Ain city so you should collaborate with other well known organization. Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry Condition in Al Ain tell that what will be the growth of your business, how to organize your business, achievement of goals etc. It provides advantages and disadvantages to your company. Your way of giving instruction is also matters in company. (Porters Diamond) PEST Analysis Al Ain city in UAE operates in micro and macro environment, there are particulars are changing time to time. An internal and external factor of any organization determines the formulation of right strategies and business. The PEST is the only best technique to determines the scanning of macro level environment, in which four factors include as follows (PEST Introduction) P : Political Factors E : Economic Factors S : Socio-cultural Factors T : Technology Factors Political Factors Political Factors majorly cover: Al Ain is the part of the UAE in which the rate of crime is low as well as politically stable city. Also, with the UAE it enjoys financial stability. Its well-developed Infrastructure, robust banking structure features extensive credit and service facilities with ample liquidity for peoples and outsiders or visitors as well. Al Ain has a leading-edge technologies and sound regulatory systems in the city. The government is also committed to consistent commitment to business development, good economic policies including all kind of protection into logical property rights. The UAE benefits from stable and pleasant industrial relations. Finally, there is a well structured, sound legal framework for strong business and a healthy set of ownership rules. Particularly a political factor covers in following points Taxes on product and services Employment news Tariffs Trade Political stability Government policy on economy Control on immigration. Government stability has provided here less taxes duties and food service products with kind of great varieties in shopping centres. Foreigners are permitted to have an ownership right of up to 49% for limited liability companies established within the Emirate of Dubai and up to 100% for number of professional companies, including its branches and representative offices in different cities. All of these factors perfectly give a positive view about Al Ain City. (Political Factor) Economic Factors Economic Factors are important to get the power of customer means purchasing strength of people, stability of economy. The fluctuation of economy impacts the product prices and services there. So more or less following factors are play a vital role Higher the interest rate lowers the investment Economic growth in terms of GDP Inflation rate Exchange rates Very low inflation and unemployment Favourable prediction for growth in the economy Lack of corporate reform Al Ain city is known as the garden city of the Gulf; it is witnessing a marvellous boom in all economic sectors and social activities.   At the time of Town planning, as per the Annual Statistical report of the Al Ain Municipality, in 2002 the Department has issued 1062 fresh construction licenses and interestingly only 53 of them related to government, 12902 new trade licenses also including 2556 for restaurants (2904 in 2001). The number of central parks increased to 26, covering a large area and raised the huge number of date palm trees.   As far as the business growth has increased, a new with high height shopping mall has been added to the city along with a good number of small and medium size businesses and a lot of housing compounds and new multi-storey buildings, as well as a Sheraton Hotel (five star) is under construction. (Economical Factor) Socio-cultural Factors Modern society is playing vital role in development of city with municipal organizations. The bases of them are social and economical environment, municipalitys facilities, and infrastructure.   This city has also known as Garden city of the Gulf. Al ain municipality is providing remarkable service to have latest and highest standards of scientific and technology quality. Al ain municipality also committed to get excellence through its development of business systems. (Socio-cultural Factor) The city of Al Ain, meaning the spring in Arabic has remarkable history and excellent heritage in it. The organization named ADACH, Abu Dhabi Authority for Culture and Heritage is focusing restoration part of its strategy plan to preserve or guard the physical heritage of Abu Dhabi. Historic buildings require more maintenance. ADACH is responsible for providing the protection to its tangible cultural heritage of Abu Dhabi, and this encompasses the maintenance of buildings, considering a number of sites and important projects, with an extreme focus on historic buildings. Meanwhile, Dr. Sami Al Masri, Deputy Director of department of General for Arts, Culture and Heritage at ADACH, said that a program has been launched for the renovation of a group of historic buildings. All these buildings really needed an immediate intervention, to assure their safety and to avoid deterioration. (Socio- cultural in Al Ain) Technology Factors Technology has a very exploring and rapid growth in the field of construction, expansions, growth with application to the Al-Ain City in Dubai, UAE. These are the use of Virtual Reality techniques really put Al Ain city a bit ahead in technology field. Currently, Reality packs are the most increasing fields of information technology and have a great media attention. There is evidence to suggest that the use of such technology will enhance conceivable image of any aspect of project development at any urban setting for customers, users and clients. So, the city officials and administrators as well as public (users) can reach better life style within their towns and cities. A basic VR model to the street is a very good example of technology construction. The buildings heights in the street are telling the story of growth of technology here. The technology is providing the great look and feel for the visual quality of the city. In essence the part of this study showed that Al Ain visualization is proving to be a remarkable tool for technology designers and planners. Increasing the heights of buildings in the mid-street shows the technologys height and on the edges, along with enforcing distinctive architectural styles for the proposed buildings will enhance the overall quality of the street. Additionally, decreasing the strength of current vegetation and tree heights will increase the imaginable quality of the street. However, the built of a comprehend VR model needs more time, resources and. This report, shows to us that we are moving fast with the help of technology and its day by day new inventions. Human lives are keeping cool by technology. We are now more comfortable to identify existing problems and to quickly evaluate alternative solutions to those problems. (technology factor)

Love is Like Water Essay

Love is Like Water, We can Fall in it, We can Drown in it, But we can’t Live Without it Men are born inferior to women. Now I’m Sure there are many men who disagree, however it is a scientific fact. Any person born with the ‘y’ chromosome is born inferior. The conflicting views of men and women have been questioned and debated for centuries. For many years it is said that the male species are superior to women. It wasn’t until August 18, 1940 men deemed women smart enough to vote and have our own political voice. Men have always been the dominant species in most anything in society. It wasn’t until recent studies that show women actually have higher IQ’s then men. It is believed that juggling family life and building a career on top of that has made women smarter. In reality Women and men brains are just wired differently. Men differ from women with their emotions, their affection and also their communication skills. Women are said to be more emotional than men The fact of the matter women do actually communicate with through emotions and intimacy. Research shows that women use language as a way to maintain and develop relationships. Women tend to react more emotionally than men, resulting in submerging themselves, (mind body and soul) into making decisions. For example, women often ask there signficant other â€Å"are you listening† and the man replies â€Å"yes honey I’m listening† and then we reply â€Å"what did I just say† It’s because women feed off of body language. We believe that if your not looking at us, youre not listening. Men see women as less competent to making decisions that involve a lot of thought, and this is due to women’s emotions. Which is probably why a women have never been elected to be president. Women are just more emotional when it comes to, Movies, relationships, and everyday life trials and tribulations. Women use words to start and continue a relationship with a person they find special and close to their heart. They focus more on what they say and do when conversing, which explains why they also find listening an important part in a conversation. Those are the causes that affect women more then men. The difference of emotion is mostly noticed during the midst of a relationship, when a woman seems to not be understood by men and vice versa. Men on the other hand impulsively react to situations for the sake of having a reason to do so. Men tend to simplify their communication in times of  hardship, they do not ex press themselves they way women do. Many women believe that men are very simple minded with no knowledge of anything, and don’t care about anything. In reality most men can communicate and their patterns for thinking are based on logic and reasoning. Men communicate as a way of power rather than as a way of reaching out to another person. For men, conversation is the way you negotiate your status in the world and keep people from pushing you around. They use their communication skills to preserve their independence. Men tend to think that it is logical to state how important their lives are so that they would rise above other men and be seen as the â€Å"Alpha Male†. During a conversation, body language seems to play a much smaller role for men. Men tend to be less skilled at using body language to influence communication without seeming to be doing so. The male’s brain has a greater mass and more gray matter, which leads to a higher ability to process information as facts instead of their emotions like women. Women show affection in a lot of ways. Women show their affection by physical touch, holding hands, giving hugs, or rubbing our significant others back. Some women do it by saying nice things. Some do it by giving gifts. Other women may show their affection by cooking you tasty dinners. There are a lot of ways to show affection, and no two women show it in exactly the same way. â€Å"Actions speak louder than words† is actually more than a clichà ©, it’s truer of men than it is for women in regard to how they show affection. men are more likely to show affection in unspoken ways through actions. There is less subtlety with men. When a guy cares about you, he is likely to find ways to spend time with you, whether enjoying your company or sharing activities such as movies, bowling, miniature golf etc. When a man cares about a women he wants to show her off. studies show that, even if a man is not particularly confident, he will try to engage in physical intimacy with the one he loves and cares deeply about. Women relationships focus on making connections talk is crucial to this process. Sharing secrets, relating experiences, revealing problems and discussing options are essential during a woman’s development. Women generally take another approach to relationships. Their mate is not less profound, it’s just different. focusing on activities rather than conversation. Men believe communication should have a crystal clear purpose. Every conversation is suppose be problem solving or a point that needs to be made. Communication  is used to get to the root of the an issue as efficiently as possible. Women uses communication to discover how she is feeling and what it is she wants to say. She sees conversation as an act of sharing and an opportunity to increase intimacy with her partner. A women tries to dispose negative feelings to strengthen her bond with the man she loves. Although there are many diffrences between men and women. For the most part, men and women use, and prefer, the same ways of comforting their partner.

Gender Schema Theory Essay

What is gender schema theory? Gender schema theory was formally introduced by Sandra Bem in 1981 as a cognitive theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society, and how sex-linked characteristics are maintained and transmitted to other members of a culture. Gender-associated information is predominantly transmuted through society by way of schemata, or networks of information that allow for some information to be more easily assimilated than others. Bem argues that there are individual differences in the degree to which people hold these gender schemata. These differences are manifested via the degree to which individuals are sex-typed. It concerns the development of an internal schema, or mental framework, which organizes and directs the behavior of an individual as a male or female. For example, the gender schema of being female might include the proposition â€Å"I am a girl, so I play with dolls, not trucks.† As every person should know male and female children become â€Å"masculine† and â€Å"feminine†, and mainly at a very young age. By the time they are four years of age, for example, girls and boys are typically come to prefer activities defined by the culture as appropriate for their sex and also to prefer same-sex peers. The acquisition of sex-appropriate preferences, skills, personality attributes, behaviors, and self-concept is typically referred to within psychology as sex-typing. When children are younger, including me, parents tell the girls don’t play with cars, those are for boys. Girls play with dolls, and because you are a girl you must play with dolls, and vice versa for the males. The children gain and follow this information as they go on they are being punished or rewarded for their actions. For example, the girl will stop playing with the toy car, and won’t be yelled at by her parents for playing with a boy’s toy. As the years go by they believe all of this is true because people tell them it is and their culture also tells them this so they continue with this information.

Organizational Behavior in Software Companies essays

Organizational Behavior in Software Companies essays It is difficult to make generalizations about organizational behavior. Organizational structure and thus organizational behavior can vary greatly from one corporation to another, one particular geographic or regional corporate climate to another, and one industry to another. Even within the particular organizational climate of companies that develop computer software, considerable environmental and managerial differences are evident between, for instance established companies such as Microsoft and upstart companies such as Red Hat.' For instance, Microsoft's current dominance of the proprietary software market and Red Hat's' stress upon nonproprietary software create a distinct divide between these company's corporate culture as well as the magnitude of Microsoft's sheer largess. Thus, different corporate cultures can be created between companies for many reasons, even within the software industry. For instance, because of the different salaries commanded by the average employee, and the different corporate ethos advanced by the individuals at the head of the corporation, a different ambience' or set of values may be stressed, formally or informally, between members of the staff and members of the staff and their supervisors. Also, chief executives do not only determine hiring and firing of employees. They also set a tone that can be quite unique, even within firms of the same industry, depending on whether the executive got his or her start within the industry, or is a hired gun' with an MBA, determined to turn a profit wherever he or she may find him or These fact being duly noted, there is still a general, distinct organizational climate of companies that develop software, as opposed to companies that are purely creative in focus, such as advertising agencies, for example, or purely numerical in nature, such as financial investment banking powerhouses su...

Free Essays on Nandos

Introduction ________________________________________________________ Nando’s, is a well-known fast food restaurant which was found in 1987 in South Africa. Nando’s is specializing in chicken, especially its unique Mozambican-Portuguese style of Peri-Peri Flamed Grilled Chicken. Nando’s opened its first international strore 12 years ago and the Nando’s Peri-Peri trail has blazed from South Africa across the seas to other 22 countries, comprising 400 stores worldwide. The signature menu item at Nando’s is a Portuguese specialty, Peri-Peri chicken which has a truly unique taste. Delicious alternatives and additions to Peri-Peri chicken include chicken breast burgers and pitas, prego steak rolls, vegetarian and bean burgers, chicken livers etc. Businesses today face three major challenges and opportunities which of course, as an international company, Nando’s is also facing the same challenges which bring opportunity to the business: Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsourcing. Further details will be discussed in the following. Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsoucing ________________________________________________________ Globalization Globalization is the growing integration of economies and societies around the world and legal system. That make people around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. At a business level, we talk globalization when companies decide to take part in the emerging global economy and establish themselves in foreign market. Globalization means a company will adapt their products or services to the final user’s linguistic and cultural requirement. Then, take the advantage of the internet revolution and establish a virtual presence on the international marketplace with a multilingual corporate website or even as an e-business. Nando’s first created in South Africa and had a fast development overseas. ... Free Essays on Nandos Free Essays on Nandos Introduction ________________________________________________________ Nando’s, is a well-known fast food restaurant which was found in 1987 in South Africa. Nando’s is specializing in chicken, especially its unique Mozambican-Portuguese style of Peri-Peri Flamed Grilled Chicken. Nando’s opened its first international strore 12 years ago and the Nando’s Peri-Peri trail has blazed from South Africa across the seas to other 22 countries, comprising 400 stores worldwide. The signature menu item at Nando’s is a Portuguese specialty, Peri-Peri chicken which has a truly unique taste. Delicious alternatives and additions to Peri-Peri chicken include chicken breast burgers and pitas, prego steak rolls, vegetarian and bean burgers, chicken livers etc. Businesses today face three major challenges and opportunities which of course, as an international company, Nando’s is also facing the same challenges which bring opportunity to the business: Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsourcing. Further details will be discussed in the following. Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsoucing ________________________________________________________ Globalization Globalization is the growing integration of economies and societies around the world and legal system. That make people around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. At a business level, we talk globalization when companies decide to take part in the emerging global economy and establish themselves in foreign market. Globalization means a company will adapt their products or services to the final user’s linguistic and cultural requirement. Then, take the advantage of the internet revolution and establish a virtual presence on the international marketplace with a multilingual corporate website or even as an e-business. Nando’s first created in South Africa and had a fast development overseas. ...

Procurement management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Procurement management - Assignment Example The sellers that should not be part of procurement are the local IT Company and the small IT Company since they have limited local capacity without the required job experience. This category of procurement is also referred to as strategic procurement. Major complexity procurement includes essential goods that are needed so as to achieve  key needs and objectives of the project’s schedule, cost, quality and technical. The characteristics of  major complexity procurement are: This procurement will apply to buying machines to help in milking 10 cows, collecting eggs from 50 chickens, picking 10 varieties of vegetables, delivering the goods to the local wholesale market 2 miles away. This procurement will also apply to buying machines for plowing fields, planting seeds and harvesting hay. This category of procurement involves purchase of commercially available off-the-shelf items or routine services. Costs of routine procurement are usually low. This type of procurement will apply to incurring cost to hire people to attend to the animals, maintain his 4 work vehicles, maintain 4 general carpentry buildings and pick up general materials he needs around the farm like gasoline, office supplies, feed and building materials (Bower, 2003). This farmer could solicit responses from sellers or suppliers for his needs using internet solicitations. The farmer can create a database for all approved suppliers for his needs. The farmer can then create a proposal for request with well defined requirements that has been recommended by experts. The farmer can then send the Request for Proposal to sellers and review the suppliers response based on supply management, technical and executive management. This phase is the first phase, also referred to as planning phase. It encompasses activities that are related to definition of requirement along with planning of preliminary procurement and issuance of bid solicitation. The impact of proper procurement

Experience analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experience analysis - Essay Example Consequently, Peggy calls for the need of uncovering the privileges according to the subject in order to present a ground for achieving equality. From the goal achieved by the event, it is of critical use in social construction of gender equality and reduced impact of racism in the society. The event presents an important step that can be taken to lessen the advantages possessed by male and white in the society. Peggy presents and expresses her goals in qualitative manner by using a case of individuals who are directly related to her study. For instance, she presents himself as a case by presenting an overview of her being â€Å"overprivilege† as the result of the color of her skin (McIntosh, 2012). This allows her to allows the audiences to readily identify with her goal besides gaining insightful view about the dimension of the study. Further, she also qualitatively describes the invisible privileges that men have, allowing her to adequately tackle her goal of discussing the impact of male privilege. Through using qualitative technique to express her goals, Peggy was able to present a clear picture of the overriding situation, to her audience that provided the basis for meeting her objectives. Peggy’s research was insightful and the way that she presents her theory fits well with intended concept of her study. I therefore agree with her position since she presents an ideal scenario that relates to the social construction of the gender. It is true that the fight against both gender and race discrimination has always avoided the discussion of privileges assigned to the â€Å"superiors† in the society. The event makes inclusive of feasible evidence for the study as seen when she describes herself as an overprivileged individual based on her skin color. This presented a chance for easily relating and understanding the message intended for the

What criticisms can be made of Margaret Thatcher's policies as Prime Essay

What criticisms can be made of Margaret Thatcher's policies as Prime Minister - Essay Example Thatcher's policies which include the reduction of taxes, reduction of inflation through the manipulation of money supply, privatization of public industries, suppressing trade union powers through introduction of laws, reduction of the role played by the government in the economy.According to Young (1993), Margaret Thatcher was the first female to become a prime minister in the UK. She was the leader of the Conservative Party and was in office for three consecutive terms. She is known to be the longest serving prime minister as she governed office from 1979 up to 1990. In most cases, she is referred to as the most divisive prime minister of the century. She was greatly reverence but also hated by the divided members of the public particularly because of her reaction towards the trade unions. Margaret Thatcher rule has been criticized as lacking proper and unified policies. Together with her government, she has been associated with several practices and ideals referred to as Thatcher ism (Evans, 2004). Critics have argued that Thatcherism is well known for its rhetoric and not what it achieved. It is viewed as being contradictory and that Thatcher’s rule was differentiated by its strategic purpose. In considering its challenges to the states existing features, Thatcherism is considered as a radical force. The presumptions and priorities which had been established in the prior years were criticized and then discarded. In 1979 when Margaret Thatcher came to power as the first prime minister in the UK,... She established several policies which included; reduction of inflation through the manipulation of money supply. She focused on the idea of monetarism and the free market economics. The conservative administration’s first policies were to handle the inflation and the budget deficit. The monetarism belief indicated that money supply had to be controlled in order to successfully control the inflation. The entire government deficit had to be reduced in order to be able to control money supply. This led to the implementation of deflationary policies. There was increase in tax rates and reduction on government spending. The policies which were intended to reduce inflation in return led to increase in the interest rates. It was possible to reduce inflation through the deflationary policies of both monetary and fiscal nature. This could be attained at the cost of reduced aggregate demand and reduced economic growth. The government continued to pursue deflationary policies regardless of the economy going down to full scale recession, and unemployment being on the rise. It led to several criticisms and a number of economists in the country signed a letter addressing the government to bring the recession to an end and to change the economic policy. Thatcher was greatly criticized by different individuals including those from her own party. According to critics, the reduction of inflation could have been performed with minimal impact. It caused unexpected level of unemployment, while seeking to attain bogus money supply. The unemployment affected individuals in different ways in that it resulted in personal and several social problems. The different riots that came up in Britain in 1981 were attributed to the high rate

Business Research Methods Essay Example for Free

Business Research Methods Essay As baby boomers age and the need for health care continues to grow, the nursing shortage in health care facilities seem to increase, as well. Many believe that â€Å"a shortage of registered nurses is projected to spread across the country between 2009 and 2030† (AJMQ, 2012). Dr. Peter Buerhaus wrote in Health Affairs that the United States nursing shortage is projected to grow to 260,000 registered nurses by 2025 (2009). Researchers must develop a solid research question, construct a research design, and identify a sample design to collect data. Organizational Dilemma Research Question Turnover problems like those experienced by the hospitals that participated in the HSM research lead to multiple research questions, such as (i) what are the reasons for high RN turnover rates that lead to job vacancies and (ii) how can the organization resolve turnover problems. In the organizational context, the dilemma here is: why are there high RN turnover rates that lead to job vacancies? Identify and Analyze Research Question The research question identified is â€Å"Why is there high turnover rate for acute care nurses?† The problem defined by the team is the inability to retain acute care nurses. A study performed by the American Organization of Nurse Executives states that there was an average of 21.3% turnover rate for RN’s in 2000, but percentage rates were higher for RN’s in specialty hospitals (2001). The practices and policies of an organization allow employees to remain within the organization for an extended period. There is a significant financial loss to the facility if the nurse leaves the organization after training is complete Research Design Learning Team C will adopt a formal research design to answer the research question. We will use monitoring as opposed to communication in most circumstances unless otherwise specified. The research will be ex post facto or experimental. The research will be cross sectional because of time constraints. The study will be a statistical study of proportions. A case study could be used, if time allows. We will treat this study as a lab assignment although simulations and field work is a possibility. If communication is used care should be taken to optimize participant awareness (Cooper Schindler, 2008, p. 141-145). Some questions to take into consideration would be what the reasons for high turn-over rates are for nurses. Does education play a part? Do work conditions come into consideration? Does pay and benefits play a part? Do personal matters play a role in turnover? The study probably will be descriptive or causal although exploratory work may need some consideration. Sample Design In an effort to obtain the data for our research it is important to sample from group that will best represent our population. There are four basic questions that need to be answered in sample design. The first is the subject of our research, or target population. The next question is the parameters of our interest, which is high turn-over rate. The third question is the sampling frame. Because the subjects of our study are acute nurses, we should use the membership directory from the American Nurses Association. With the availability of the directory probability sampling is the best sampling method, which addresses the fourth question. The last question is the size of the sample and according to Cooper Schindler (2008), â€Å"the greater the desired precision of the estimate, the larger the sample must be,† and â€Å"the higher the confidence level in the estimate, the large sample must be† (p. 385). Conclusion Going forward this research will strive to come to conclusions to answers to the key question and based on the answers derived. These answers will create solutions that will help alleviate the anticipated nursing shortage in the coming years. The statistical data of this study can be used to understand what is causing the high turnover rates and high job vacancies.

Hydrogen Essays -- essays research papers

Hydrogen Hydrogen is a tasteless, odorless, colorless gas. Hydrogen is found in group 1 and period 1 on the periodic table. Hydrogen is classified as a nonmetal on the periodic table. The symbol for hydrogen is represented by an H, its atomic number is 1, and its atomic weight is 1.0079. The hydrogen atom consists of one proton, which has a positive charge, and one electron, which has a negative charge. The term hydrogen comes from two Greek words meaning water-former. Henry Cavendish, an English scientist, discovered it in 1766. Named by Lavoisier, hydrogen is the most abundant of all elements in the universe. The sun and many other stars consist of mostly hydrogen. It is the third most abundant element on earth. It is estimated that hydrogen makes up more than 90% of all the atoms or three quarters of the mass of the universe. Hydrogen plays an important part in powering the universe though both the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Hydrogen occurs in almost all organic comp ounds. Many of the compounds found in plant and animal tissues are organic. Production of hydrogen in the U.S. alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. Some of the methods that hydrogen is prepared by are steam on heated carbon, decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum, or displacement from acids by certain metals. Hydrogen may be condensed to a liquid that boils at -257.87Â °C and freezes at -259.14Â °C. Hydrogen ... Hydrogen Essays -- essays research papers Hydrogen Hydrogen is a tasteless, odorless, colorless gas. Hydrogen is found in group 1 and period 1 on the periodic table. Hydrogen is classified as a nonmetal on the periodic table. The symbol for hydrogen is represented by an H, its atomic number is 1, and its atomic weight is 1.0079. The hydrogen atom consists of one proton, which has a positive charge, and one electron, which has a negative charge. The term hydrogen comes from two Greek words meaning water-former. Henry Cavendish, an English scientist, discovered it in 1766. Named by Lavoisier, hydrogen is the most abundant of all elements in the universe. The sun and many other stars consist of mostly hydrogen. It is the third most abundant element on earth. It is estimated that hydrogen makes up more than 90% of all the atoms or three quarters of the mass of the universe. Hydrogen plays an important part in powering the universe though both the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle. Hydrogen occurs in almost all organic comp ounds. Many of the compounds found in plant and animal tissues are organic. Production of hydrogen in the U.S. alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. Some of the methods that hydrogen is prepared by are steam on heated carbon, decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum, or displacement from acids by certain metals. Hydrogen may be condensed to a liquid that boils at -257.87Â °C and freezes at -259.14Â °C. Hydrogen ...

Child Poverty Essay

Child poverty is one of the major problems today. Poverty can affect anyone but children are most affected. Poverty in children has become big social problem. Poverty is not having enough for needs. Not having enough can bring many concerns. Poverty is long lasting effect and can leave permanent mark on Childs behavior. Poverty can impact children’s performance in school and poverty can bring many health issues. Many children are born in poor family where their family members lack at providing enough for their children. Many children in poor family suffer from hunger and not having enough nutrition. As mansion in Gregory’s essay â€Å"shame† Richard was not able to focus in school because he was suffering from hunger, and teacher thought he was not smart and they never bother to find out, but the truth was he was just hungry because he was poor and wasent able to provide enough food. Poverty can also cause huge impact on Childs performance. While parents are busy trying to make living they cannot provide enough motivational help to their children while some children have to go to work instead of study because lack of money in family. In the essay â€Å"shame† Gregory describes how Richard had to work hard and polish shoes to make little amount of money. Early labor and not having enough help in their academic progress impact on children’s growth and development of child. Withought proper education child lacks at proper understanding of our society. Poverty also brings many health concerns in children. Because of parents cannot provide enough material. Many children born in poor family are often exposed to miner diseases that may prove fatal. In some poor family where parents always drinking problem, children always learn from their parents and adopt their aggressive behavior, drinking problem or drug abuse. These can also lead in fatal health issue in children. Parents always seem to forget â€Å"what we do. They do. † In the essay â€Å"shame† Gregory talks about how Richard did not learn about hate and shame until he went to school. Poverty is one of the most evil situations we have in our society. And it can transform our children’s entire personality and affect our neighborhood and future. we have to work together to ensure bright and healthy future.

Songhai Empire

Beffa 4 The Songhai Empire Alex Beffa Global History April 9, 2012 Beffa 3 The Songhai, also known as the Songhay, was not only the last, but also the largest and greatest empire of western Africa between 1000 and 1600 ce. i The previous empire was the Mali empire. Songhai was just a client state at the port of Gao, which was a major trading port for trans-Saharan trade especially since it is located on the Niger river. When the Mali empire started to decline in the 14 th century, the Songhai king declared independence. i The Songhai empire was the most thriving west African empire for many reasons but major ones are: the kings Sunni Ali and Muhammad Ture as well as the conquering of the city of Timbuktu. Sunni Ali became ruler in 1464. He did not waste any time waiting to begin expanding. Shortly after coming to power, he went to conquer the great trading port of Timbuktu from the Tuareg raiders. After Timbuktu was his, Sunni Ali's armies went south to the port of Jenne. In 1480, he attacked the Mossi states south of the Niger river.He had a strong military background which helped him become one of the best conquerers and leaders in African empire history until this point. His best asset was his naval skills which is mostly likely why he typically conquered ports along the Niger river. One of his major advancements was the the creation of a bureaucracy. This allowed the Songhai to be a more centralized empire than the previous empires of Ghana and Mali. To help get the Muslim support, Sunni Ali claimed to be a Muslim, though he never truly left the old traditional religions supposedly due to the belief that it was the source of his supernatural powers in battle.In 1492, after a successful conquest, according to some oral traditions, Sunni Ali drowned while crossing the Niger river. Still others refuse to accept this theory, insisting that he died in battle. His reign was from 1464-1492. When Sunni Ali died, one of his sons named Sunni Barou took over. iii Unfo rtunately, unlike his father, Sunni Barou did not claim to be Muslim but rather embraced the old tradition. This did not go over very well with the Muslim community in the empire. Not long after taking the throne, Sunni Barou was overthrown by a very faithful muslim named Muhammad Ture.Born around 1440, he was a very ruthless Beffa 4 killer. He even want so far as to eliminate the rest of Sunni Ali's family members. As for his way of governing, the Islamic religion played a big role. He believed that the spread of islam was very important for two reasons. One, he was a devout muslim and felt that everyone should be. And second, he saw Islam as a way to unify the empire. He organized his own bureaucracy with 10 providences and an administrator for each. This allowed him to rule very effectively over a vast empire.To lower chances of a rebellion, Muhammad Ture would not allow the kings of the conquered to keep their power but instead he would replace them with members of his own famil y. In 1495, Muhammad decided to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike other rulers, he was able to leave for long periods of time due to how incredibly stable his government was. After his journey, he felt the need to expand the empire. When Sunni Ali had died, a good number of the states Sunni Ali had conquered had declared independence.It was up to muhammad to reassert the Songhai’s control over these territories. He had no problem with going on an almost continuous military conquest for close to two decades. Like Sunni Ali, Muhammad Ture also expanded the navy. After a military life like that, he was lucky to be around to experience old age. In 1528 Muhammad was so well aged that he had lost the drive to continue the conquests. Also he began to go blind, so his son Farimundyo Musa took over. Farimundyo Musa changed his name to Askia Musa which is where the Askia dynasty comes from.Askia Musa was assassinated in 1531 by one of his brothers. Since Muhammad Ture was Islamic and education is a big part of Islam, Muhammad obviously supported education. The University of Timbuktu was one of the first universities in all of Africa. It attracted many scholars, mainly Islamic. Trade helped bring prosperity to the Songhai Empire as well as these other advances. iv Timbuktu was not only, a major trading spot, but also an educational capital. It had a big effect on the Songhai empire.By conquering this major port early on in the Songhai empire's life, it established a sort of foundation. By controlling this port along with a few other key cities, they basically dominated the trans-Saharan trade. Timbuktu Beffa 3 was founded by nomads of the Tuareg in the early 12 th century. In its early days, Timbuktu was thought to be inferior to other major trading ports for trans-Saharan trade such as the cities of Ghana or Walata because they were more impressive. It did not take long to change people's minds.Timbuktu and its sister city Jenne, which was also soon conquered by the Songhai, were in much better position to the gold field than Walata. Another factor in the rise of timbuktu was the nomad arabs that had been raiding caravans along the western routes. In turn, more people had been taking the eastern routes through Timbuktu. Finally, probably the most signif icant reason timbuktu was such a major port, Timbuktu was on a point where three major trans-Saharan routes went: the Mauritanian, Taghaza salt road, and the route to In Salah by way of Arawan. Two of the most important major imports and exports of the Songhai empire were salt and gold, but other items included slaves, ivory, cotton fabrics, grains, and ostrich feathers. vi To Timbuktu in particular, the major ones were gold, salt, slaves, and kola nuts. The salt came from the salt mines in the Sahara. The gold came from Bure, Bambuk, and Akan. The others, kola nuts and slaves were kinda of wide spread, coming from several places and in demand at many more. Naturally as a major trading port , Timbuktu had cultural diffusion.Islamic ideas were passed around especially when Muhammad Ture was in power. vii In 1591 a Moroccan force overthrew the last king of the Songhai empire, thus ending the reign of the greatest western African empire between 1100 and 1600. viii They took the capital at Gao and then moved on to timbuktu. ix It would make sense that trade would be the Songhai's forte since when the Mali empire was still in power, the Songhai was a major trading spot at the city of Gao. And the big emphasis on having a great navy would also make sense considering they are located on the Niger river.The major reasons for such an enormous and thriving empire were the well-organized government, combined with outstanding kings, and never having a financial crisis since they conquered cities like Timbuktu and Jenne right from the beginning. Beffa 4 Bibliography Fritze, Ronald. â€Å"Timbuktu. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. Insoll, Timothy A. â€Å"Trade & Empire. † Archeaology 53, no. 6 (november 2000): 48 MAS Ultra-School Edition, Ebscohost (accessed February 5, 2012). Page, Willie F.Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. USA: A Learning Source Book, 2001 William, Oscar. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABCCLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Africa, 3000 BCE-1500 BCE,† ac cessed February 4, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/588506? terms=medieval+africa+songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Askia dynasty,† accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. bc-clio. com/. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Muhammad Ture,† accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. W orld History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Sunni Ali,† accessed April 8, http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. 2012. i Oscar William. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC- CLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai ii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Sunni Ali,† accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. om/. iii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Sunni Ali,† iv World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Muhammad Ture,† accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. v Ronald Fritze. â€Å"Timbuktu. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. vi World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Muhammad Ture,† vii Fritze viii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Askia dynasty,† accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. ix Fritze